Vulnerabilities in the city increase exposure to risk, especially for the poorest groups. Urban development is a fact, however it should not be based only on economic issues, as in this sense it is an accelerator of vulnerabilities, it needs to be regenerative, keep the environment ecologically balanced and provide positive effects with interventions, mitigating inequalities and improving quality of life for everyone.

Urban issues of socioenvironmental inequality are directly related to the deprivation of access to public infrastructure that many citizens suffer, such as the lack of decent housing, basic sanitation, mobility and efficient public transport, public and community facilities related to health, education, culture and leisure. This inequality is socio-environmental when the poorest population groups, the lack of urban infrastructure and the delimitation of areas of risk or environmental degradation are in the same space. In the search for their mitigation, two basic principles should guide urban policies: participatory planning and the social function of property. In this way, Brazilian legislation has established some important instruments, including the Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS), with the aim of previously diagnosing negative impacts and their areas of influence in order to point out solutions with a positive effect to improve the quality of urban life.

As the applying of this instrument is still recent in our cities, this research aims to assess whether the NIS, based on the analysis of compensatory measures agreed, is fulfilling the social function of urban property and is contributing to the mitigation of socioenvironmental inequalities. Therefore, the research was divided into three stages: theoretical and historical foundation, study of case and discussion and synthesis of results. In the first stage, an overview of the city's vulnerabilities based on socioenvironmental inequality and the importance of promoting regenerative urban development was presented. In the second stage, the case study was carried out based on a documentary investigation of the vulnerabilities of the city of Florianópolis / SC, and the application of the NIS instrument, where specific cases, areas of influence and agreed compensatory measures were dealed.

The results obtained revealed the great closeness between the enterprises and areas of social interest with a lack of public urban infrastructure; the lack of connection between advanced studies, areas of influence and proposed compensatory measures; and the lack of understanding for the applying of resources from the NIS in a more distributive way in the city. As a result of the assessments carried out, the instrument, although it has great potential to contribute to the mitigation of socio-environmental inequalities, has not been fulfilling this role. To contribute to the implementation of the NIS, some guidelines and suggestions for the Standard Terms of Reference were described, to guide its practice towards the fulfillment of the social function of urban property.